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Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 9(56): 9-16, jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-533058

ABSTRACT

La patofisiología de la esquizofrenia (EQZ) sólo podrá entenderse en una aproximación integrativa, basada en la neurociencia de sistemas, para tratar de explicar cómo múltiples genes y neurotransmisores pueden actuar de manera sinérgica para producir el trastorno. En este trabajo se analizarán por separado los diversos endofenotipos de esta enfermedad para tratar de explicar, sobre la base de aproximaciones sistémicas, cómo ocurren los cambios en las interneuronas GABAérgicas en la EQZ, comenzando con la hipofunción GABAérgica y sus consecuencias sobre las neuronas piramidales corticales y la disfunción dopaminérgica a punto de origen hipocampal, lo que permite conciliar eventos neurobiológicos con sus consecuencias conductuales (consilience). Los circuitos involucrados por Lisman, Grace, Coyle, Green y otros autores en esta revisión integran las neurotransmisiones glutamatérgica, GABAérgica, dopaminérgica y colinérgica en un marco sistémico en que también se involucran factores de riesgo genético, para intentar demostrar sus acciones sinérgicas dentro del circuito y generar una aproximación desde la neurociencia de sistemas. Se intentará desarrollar estrategias de distinto orden para comprender la EQZ como enfermedad que produce sus consecuencias devastadoras a través de la acción sinérgica de genes y diversos neurotransmisores integrados en circuitos de procesamiento que operan en complejas dinámicas de tipo no-lineal.


Understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ) entails adopting a holistic approach based on systems neuroscience that allows to explain how multiple genes and neurotransmitters can act synergistically to trigger the disorder. In this article, the different endophenotypes of schizophrenia are analysed separaately, with the aim of explaining, by means of systemic approaches, how changes take place in GABAergic interneurons in SZ, starting from the GABAergic hypofunction and ists effects on cortical pyramidal neurons, as well as on the dopaminergic dysfunction at he pont of origin of the hippocampus, which enables to reconcile neurobiological events with their behavioural consequences ("consilience"). The circuits proposed by Lisman, Grace, Coyle, Green and other authors, that make up glutamatergic, GABAerci, dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmissions embedded in a systemic framework in whic genetic risk factors are also involved, are included in this review to demonstrate their synergistic actions within the circuit, as well as to develop an approach based on systems neuroscience. The present article will also provide different types of strategies intended to understand SZ as a disease that causes its devastating effects through the synergistic action of genes and the different neurotransmitters organized in processing circuits that operte in complex non-linear dynamics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholinergic Agents , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Interneurons/pathology , N-Methylaspartate/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics , Receptors, Serotonin/genetics , Allosteric Site/genetics , Presynaptic Terminals/pathology
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